Permissions: Any Data Central user may create, save, and edit a visualizations privately for personal use. Saving a visualization as public or editing an existing public visualization requires the Data Central Designer privilege.
A Histogram is a data visualization that shows the distribution of continuous numerical data by grouping values into bins (ranges) and representing their frequency (count) of values with bars. Unlike bar charts, which compare categorical data, histograms are used to analyze patterns and trends in numeric datasets.
Histograms are commonly employed to visualize distributions of patient ages, drug dosages, and durations of adverse events. This visualization helps identify patterns, such as whether most values cluster around a certain range or if there are outliers.
Create a Histogram Chart
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From Visualizations in the left navigation, click the New Visualization (+) icon.
- Click Histogram to open the Histogram Designer window.
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In the Fields section, click the arrows, Data Store names, or Domain names to expand the data. Utilize the Search feature or scroll down to view all available domains and fields.
Tip: Search also supports dot notation, e.g. DataStore.Domain.Field.
Note: System Tables contain operational data that can be used in visualizations. Users cannot view or query these tables directly, but can request visualizations that use their data. Any table created from System Tables is visible and usable by all dashboard viewers when saved.
Tables available for request include: Issue, Query, Review Objectives, Review Objectives Domains and Fields, Review Objectives Review Materials, Review Objectives Reviewer Roles, Review Status Metrics by Domain and Role, Review Status Metrics by Domain and Role and Subject, and Subject.
Define Measures
For the Histogram chart, only one measure can be selected, and it must be a numeric value to display a frequency distribution. Choose a continuous numeric measure captured per subject or visit, such as age, dose amount, laboratory result, or event duration.
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Drag an appropriate numeric field to the Measures section, and a popout appears with configuration options for the measure. Users can also click the 3-dot icon next to the measure to open the popout.
- The data in the chart can be distributed in two ways: either by bin width or by the number of bins.
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Bin Width: This sets a fixed range for each bin, grouping data into equal intervals. This provides evenly spaced groupings for analysis.
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Number of Bins: Specifies the number of bins the chart needs, with the range for each bin calculated automatically. This option adjusts the bin size dynamically based on the overall data range of the underlying data.
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- The Label is automatically generated by default but can be updated if desired.
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Click OK, and the chart preview updates:
The visualization displays a chart with the x-axis indicating ranges of the field used for the measure, while the y-axis shows the number of records in each range.
Important: A warning message appears when a user attempts to use more than 4096 records and only the first 4096 records are displayed in the chart.
Apply Filters to Measures
A filter can be applied to a Measure using fields that belong to the same domain as the measure. Keep in mind that only one filter condition can be applied to the Measure.
- Click the Filter icon to the right of the field name to open the popout.
- Use the default setting, Include Selections, or change to Exclude Selections.
- Click Filter Field to open the list and select the field to filter by.
- Click Operator to open list and select =, <, >, Null or Empty, or Between.
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Click Filter Value(s) to open list and select the values to filter by.
- Click OK. The chart opens filtered by the selected values and the filter icon becomes shaded.
Tip: Click in the whitespace to close the popout if the OK button is not visible.
Note: To filter out NULL values for a measure or the entire Histogram chart, select the Exclude Selections radio button and then choose the field to filter. Select the Null or Empty operator and click OK.
Note that the Dynamic Filter option is not allowed for the Null or Empty operator.
Apply Dynamic Filters
Dynamic Filters allow users to select predefined values from a popout menu located at the top of the finalized chart. When viewing the chart, users can pick one or multiple values from the popout list, which immediately updates the chart to display the selected filter values.
Measure and Chart filters can be configured as dynamic.
- Turn on Dynamic Filters by clicking the toggle switch.
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Click the Optional Default Filter Value(s) and select the default values for the published chart. The list displays values that are defined in the original filter before it is converted to a dynamic filter. When opened, the chart is filtered using the selected defaults.
If Select All is checked, the chart opens unfiltered, allowing viewers to choose values in the dynamic filter; the chart updates as selections change.
If no default value(s) are configured, the chart opens filtered by the first value in the list.
- Click OK.
Tip: To collapse or expand each section (Measure, Filters), click the down / up arrows. Click the box icon to view only one section and collapse the other section.
Apply Chart Filters
The filters applied in this section affect the entire visualization and are not limited to a single domain like the filters for measures. This flexibility makes filter creation more versatile.
- From the Fields section, select a field to filter the entire chart by and drag it into the Filters section and a popout opens.
- Use the default setting, Include Selections, or change to Exclude Selections.
- Click Operator to open list and choose =, <, >, Null or Empty, or Between.
- Click Filter Value(s) to open list and select the values to filter by.
- Click OK. The chart opens filtered by the selected values. Up to 25 filters may be added.
- To apply Dynamic Filters to the chart, refer to the Apply Dynamic Filters section.
Note: Each Dynamic Filter, whether defined for a Measure or at the Chart level, appears as a popout menu at the top of the published chart, allowing users to select one or more values. When users hover over any filter control, a tooltip shows the current selections.
Reorder / Remove Fields
Fields can be reordered or removed from any section in the designer window.
- Reorder Fields: Click and hold the 6-dot icon next to a field and drag it above or below another field.
- Remove Fields: Click the 'X' at the right of a field.
Add A Chart Description
Enter a Chart Description in the text field above the preview in the chart designer. When the published visualization is viewed, this description appears at the top of the chart.
Export / Import Histogram Chart Configuration
After creating or editing a chart, the chart configuration can be exported directly from the designer. This allows users to easily replicate their charts across different environments, eliminating the need to recreate them manually.
Export a Histogram Chart Configuration
To export, click the Export icon in the upper right corner of the chart's designer window and it downloads the configuration file.
Import a Histogram Chart Configuration
When importing a chart configuration, the created chart must match the exported chart type to ensure compatibility and consistency.
- Click the New Visualization (+) icon and select Histogram.
- After the designer window opens, click the Import icon in the upper right corner.
- In the popout, upload the configuration file.
Note: Users with the Data Central Designer privilege can also export and import charts created by other users.
Toolbar Actions
Each chart includes a toolbar in the top right corner (in both the chart designer and the published chart), with icons that vary based on the chart type. Below are the icons available for a Histogram chart.
| Icon | Icon Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Edit* | Click to open chart designer window. | |
| Add Filter* | Click to open a popout window to enter filter parameters. Click OK. This filter applies to the panel only and does not appear in the Filter Panel in the left navigation. | |
| Show Table / Show Chart | Allows users to toggle between the chart and the underlying data in tabular format. | |
| Tooltips | Click to activate / deactivate the tooltips that display when hovering over a chart. | |
| Rotate Chart | Click to rotate the chart (switch the x-axis and y-axis). | |
| Zoom Out | Click to zoom out and view the entire chart (without the scrollbars on top). By default, a chart opens, displaying a readable amount of data, and the user can use the scrollbar at the top to move right and left. | |
| Drag to Zoom | Click to activate. Once it is activated, click and drag over the section of the chart to zoom in on. | |
| Chart Notes | Click to see Chart Notes (added during advanced chart configuration). | |
| Exporting | Click to access a drop-down menu to print or export to PDF, PNG, or JPG. | |
| Advanced** | Only in the chart designer; click to open the Advanced Chart Settings, which opens on the left side. | |
| Dock* | Click to dock the visualization to the worksheet. | |
| Maximize* | Click to maximize visualization. | |
| Restore* | Click to restore the visualization to previous size. | |
| Close* | Click to close. |
* Available in published chart only
** Available in designer only
Note: When an icon is highlighted blue, it indicates that it is activated / on, whereas when an icon is gray it is deactivated / off.
Advanced Chart Settings
The advanced settings enable a user to specify the dimension axis settings, legend settings and more, tailoring the view for the chart's purpose.
- The To open the Advanced Chart Settings window:
- Click the Advanced button at the bottom right of the chart designer window.
- Click the Advanced icon to the right in the chart designer toolbar.
- The Advanced Chart Settings window opens at the left displaying the current settings.
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Axis Representation: This setting determines how data is displayed on the y-axis. Absolute shows the count of values in each bin, while percentage displays the proportion of values relative to the total dataset.
- Absolute
- Percentage
- Both
- Both Reversed
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Value Axis Position:
- Left
- Right
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Bin Axis Position:
- Bottom
- Top
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Bin Axis Label Display:
- Standard
- Stagger
- Rotate
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Bin Axis Label Visibility:
- Show
- Hide
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Zoom Type:
- Box
- X-Axis
- Y-Axis
- This setting affects how the user interacts when using Drag to Zoom.
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Palette:
- Select from the list of available color palettes (Material is the default).
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Horizontal Reference Line:
- Upper Limit
- Lower Limit
- Click the '+' sign to add additional reference lines.
- Click the 'X' to remove lines.
- To reset, click the back arrow.
- Click on the 3-dot icon and a configuration popout provides options to enter a label, choose the line color, adjust the line width, select the line style, and highlight outlying data.
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Horizontal Highlight Strip:
- Start Value
- End Value
- Add additional strips by clicking the '+' icon.
- Remove them by clicking the 'X' on the right.
- To reset, click the back arrow.
- Click the 3-dot icon on the right to open a configuration popout for the highlight color, font color, and label.
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Chart Notes:
- Add text to describe the chart. Once a note has been added, the icon in the toolbar is displayed.
- To close the Advanced Chart Settings window:
- Click the 'X' in the top right corner.
- Click the Advanced button on the bottom right of the page.
- Click the Advanced icon in the toolbar.
- Click Save to save the changes, or click Cancel and any changes are canceled.
Save / Save As
When first creating a visualization, only the Save button displays in the bottom right corner. Once a visualization is saved, both the Save and Save As buttons display.
Upon opening a previously saved visualization in the chart designer, the title is displayed on the toolbar, followed by the word Preview.
The Save Chart window opens when users click Save for the first time or by clicking Save As.
Tip: Clicking Save As on an existing visualization allows users to duplicate the chart with another name or save the visualization as a new one with different settings from the original visualization, whereas clicking Save updates the existing visualization.
When the Save Chart window opens, users can enter or edit Save options.
- Enter the Name of the Chart (maximum 100 characters allowed).
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Select the folder where the chart is to be saved.
Note: If users have the Data Central Designer privilege, they may also add a new folder by hovering over a current folder and clicking the add folder icon. Remember, managing folders after they are created (editing and deleting) is done through the Manage icon in the top right on the master header of the Data Central Landing page.
- Select the Public or Private radio button. Users with the Data Central privilege only see Private as an option; Public is also available for users with the Data Central Designer privileges.
- Select the Roles (visible when saving public only, grayed out if the visualization is private). Users with the selected role(s) see and have access to the visualization.
- Update the Scope: By default, the study the user is currently in, is selected. Click the drop-down next to Therapeutic Areas, Compounds, Programs, or Studies, and update as needed.
- Click Save to confirm save settings or Cancel to cancel changes.
Edit a Histogram Chart
Visualizations can be edited for their content, which includes the data they represent, the description, and advanced settings. Visualization settings (found in the Save window) can also be updated and saved under a new name, to a different folder location, changed from private to public (Data Central Designer privileges required), assigned different roles (if public), and adjusted with a new scope.
Edit Content
- Hover over the visualization to edit.
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Click the Edit icon. The Histogram Designer window opens.
Note: Users many also click the Edit icon in the published chart's toolbar to open the designer.
- Edit any field in the Measures or Filters sections as needed.
- Edit the Description.
- Access Advanced Settings and make any changes.
- Click Save to update existing chart OR click Save As to save as a new chart.
Edit Settings
- Hover over the visualization to edit the settings.
- Click the Configure icon to open the Save Chart window.
- Make updates in the Save window.
- Click Save to confirm changes or Cancel to cancel.
Delete a Visualization
Saved Visualizations, Workspaces, Filter Sets, and Advanced Filters are deleted from the Manage icon in the master header. Users must have the Data Central Designer privilege to delete items saved as public; however, all Data Central users can delete items they have saved as private.
- Click the Manage icon located on the right in the master header. The Manage window opens.
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Hover over the name of the item to delete.
Tip: Hover over the icon at the left of the item name to see a tooltip that identifies the type of item, for example, Saved Workspace, Advanced Filter, or type of Visualization.
- Click the Delete icon.
- In the Delete Item confirmation window, click Delete or click Cancel to cancel the action.