Permissions: Any Data Central user may create, save, and edit visualizations privately for personal use. Saving a visualization as public or editing an existing public visualization requires the Data Central Designer privilege.

A Histogram is a data visualization that shows the distribution of continuous numerical data by grouping values into bins (ranges) and representing their frequency (count) of values with bars. Unlike bar charts, which compare categorical data, histograms are used to analyze patterns and trends in numeric datasets.

Histograms are commonly employed to visualize distributions of patient ages, drug dosages, and durations of adverse events. This visualization helps identify patterns, such as whether most values cluster around a certain range or if there are outliers.

Create a Histogram Chart

1. From Visualizations in the left navigation, click the New Visualization (+) icon.

   

2. Click Histogram to open the Histogram Designer window.

3. In the Fields section, click the arrows, Data Store names, or Domain names to expand the data. Use the Search feature or scroll down to view all available domains and fields.

   

Tip: Search also supports dot notation, e.g. DataStore.Domain.Field. After entering text, an X icon displays in the Search field. Click the icon to clear the search and reset the field list to its unfiltered state.

Note: System Tables contain operational data that can be used in visualizations. While non-eCS users cannot create visualizations on these tables themselves, they can request that visualizations be built on their behalf through their eClinical Solutions Project Manager, Customer Success Manager, Implementation Consultant, or Tech Services representative. Once created, any user with access to the visualization can view and use it. Tables available for request include: Issue - Tracks issues raised during data review.
Protocol Deviation - Stores protocol deviation records with details.
Protocol Deviation Comments - Stores comments on protocol deviations.
Query - Stores queries to sites.
Review Cycle Status - Tracks review cycle progress.
Review Objectives - Defines goals for data review processes.
Review Objectives Domains and Fields - Links objectives to specific domains and fields.
Review Objectives Review Materials - Associates roles responsible for review tasks.
Review Objectives Reviewer Roles - Assigns roles responsible for review tasks and risks.
Review Objectives Risks - Identifies risks linked to review objectives.
Review Status Metrics by Domain and Role - Measures review progress by domain and role.
Review Status Metrics by Domain and Role and Subject - Tracks review completion per subject, domain, and role.
Subject - Contains subject identifiers and demographics.

Define Measures

For the Histogram chart, only one measure can be selected, and it must be a numeric value to display a frequency distribution. Choose a continuous numeric measure captured per subject or visit, such as age, dose amount, laboratory result, or event duration.

1. Drag an appropriate numeric field to the Measures section, and a popout appears with configuration options for the measure. Click the 3-dot icon next to the measure to reopen the configuration popout.

   

2. The data in the chart can be distributed in two ways: either by bin width or by the number of bins.

   • Bin Width: This sets a fixed range for each bin, grouping data into equal intervals. This provides evenly spaced groupings for analysis.

     

   • Number of Bins: Specifies the number of bins the chart needs, with the range for each bin calculated automatically. This option adjusts the bin size dynamically based on the overall data range of the underlying data. 

     

3. The Label is generated automatically and can be updated if needed.

4. Click OK. The chart preview updates.

   

   The visualization displays a chart with the x-axis indicating ranges of the field used for the measure, while the y-axis shows the number of records in each range.

   Important: A warning message appears when a user attempts to use more than 4096 records and only the first 4096 records are displayed in the chart.

Apply Filters to Measures

A filter can be applied to a measure using fields that belong to the same domain as the measure. Keep in mind that only one filter condition can be applied to the measure.

1. Click the Filter icon to the right of the field name to open the popout.
2. Use the default setting, Include Selections, or change to Exclude Selections.
3. Click Filter Field to open the list and select the field to filter by.
4. Click Operator to open the list and select =, <, >, Null or Empty, or Between. 

5. Click Filter Value(s) to open the list and select the values to filter by.

   

6. Click OK. The chart opens filtered by the selected values and the filter icon becomes shaded.

Tip: Click in the whitespace to close the popout if the OK button is not visible.

Note: To filter out Null values for a measure or the entire Histogram chart, select Exclude Selections and choose the field to filter. Select the Null or Empty operator and click OK.

Note that the Dynamic Filter option is not allowed for the Null or Empty operator.

Apply Dynamic Filters

Dynamic Filters let users select predefined values from a popout menu at the top of the published chart. Users can select one or more values from the popout menu to immediately update the chart with the selected filter values.

Measure-level and chart-level filters can be configured as dynamic.

1. Turn on Dynamic Filters by clicking the toggle switch.
   
2. Click Optional Default Filter Value(s) and select the default values for the published chart. The list displays values defined in the original filter before it is converted to a dynamic filter. When the chart opens, it is filtered using the selected defaults.
   
   If Select All is checked, the chart opens unfiltered, allowing viewers to choose values in the dynamic filter. The chart updates as selections change.

3. 

   If no default values are configured, the chart opens filtered by the first value in the list.  

4. The Label field displays the default field name. Enter a user-friendly label if needed. To restore the original value, click the Revert icon.
   
5. Click OK. 

Tip: To collapse or expand each section (Measure, Filters), click the down and up arrows. Click the box icon to view only one section and collapse the other section.

Apply Chart Filters

The filters applied in this section affect the entire visualization and are not limited to a single domain like the filters for measures. This flexibility makes filter creation more versatile.

1. From the Fields section, select a field to filter the entire chart by and drag it into the Filters section. A popout opens. 
2. Use the default setting, Include Selections, or change to Exclude Selections.
3. Click Operator to open the list and choose =, <, >, Null or Empty, or Between.
4. Click Filter Value(s) to open the list and select the values to filter by.
   
5. Click OK. The chart opens filtered by the selected values. Up to 25 filters may be added. 
6. To apply Dynamic Filters to the chart, refer to the Apply Dynamic Filters section.

Note: Each Dynamic Filter, whether defined at the measure level or chart level, appears as a popout menu at the top of the published chart. Users can select one or more values, and hovering over a filter displays a tooltip with the current selections.

Reorder and Remove Fields

Fields can be reordered or removed from any section in the designer window.

• Reorder Fields: Click and hold the 6-dot icon next to a field and drag it above or below another field.
• Remove Fields: Click the X icon at the right of a field to remove it.

Add a Chart Description

Enter a Chart Description in the text field above the preview in the chart designer. When the published visualization is viewed, this description appears at the top of the chart. 

Export and Import Histogram Chart Configuration

After creating or editing a chart, the chart configuration can be exported directly from the designer. This allows users to easily replicate their charts across different environments, eliminating the need to recreate them manually.

Export a Histogram Chart Configuration

Click the Export icon in the upper right corner of the designer window to download the configuration file.

Import a Histogram Chart Configuration

When importing a chart configuration, the created chart must match the exported chart type to ensure compatibility and consistency. 

1. Click the New Visualization (+) icon and select Histogram. 
2. After the designer window opens, click the Import icon in the upper right corner. 
3. In the popout, upload the configuration file.

Note: Users with the Data Central Designer privilege can also export and import charts created by other users.

Toolbar Icons and Actions

Each chart includes a toolbar in the top right corner of the chart designer and published chart. Available icons vary by chart type and whether the chart is open in the designer or published. The following icons are available for a Histogram chart.

Icon	Icon Name	Description
	Edit*	Click to open the designer window.
	Add Filter*	Click to open a popout and apply a Runtime Visualization Filter to the visualization. The filter displays in the Local section of the Filter Panel. When a filter is active, the icon is shaded blue and changes to Edit Filter.
	3-dot*	Click to open a popout menu with additional visualization options.
	Show Table / Show Chart	Click to toggle between the chart and the underlying data in tabular format.
	Series Label	Click to show or hide series labels within the chart.
	Tooltips	Click to activate or deactivate tooltips that display when hovering over the chart.
	Rotate Chart	Click to rotate the chart (switch the x-axis and y-axis).
	Zoom Out	Click to zoom out and view the entire chart without scrolling.
	Drag to Zoom	Click to activate, then click and drag over an area of the chart to zoom in.
	Chart Notes	Click to view Chart Notes added in Advanced Chart Settings.
	Export	Click to access a drop-down menu to print or export to PDF, PNG, or JPG.
	Advanced**	Click to open Advanced Chart Settings on the left side of the designer.
	Dock Item*	Click to dock the visualization to the worksheet.
	Maximize*	Click to maximize the visualization.
	Restore*	Click to restore the visualization to its previous size.
	Close*	Click to close the visualization.

* Available in published chart only 
** Available in designer only

Note: A blue icon indicates that the option is active. A gray icon indicates that the option is inactive.

Advanced Chart Settings

Advanced Chart Settings provide additional options for configuring the chart's axes, zoom behavior, color palette, reference lines, highlight strips, and chart notes.

1. To open the Advanced Chart Settings window:
   • Click the Advanced button at the bottom right of the chart designer window.
   • Click the Advanced icon to the right in the chart designer toolbar.
   • The Advanced Chart Settings window opens at the left displaying the current settings.
2. Axis Representation: This setting determines how data is displayed on the y-axis. Absolute shows the count of values in each bin, while percentage displays the proportion of values relative to the total dataset.
   • Absolute
   • Percentage
   • Both
   • Both Reversed
3. Value Axis Position:
   • Left
   • Right
4. Bin Axis Position:
   • Bottom
   • Top
5. Bin Axis Label Display:
   • Standard
   • Stagger
   • Rotate
6. Bin Axis Label Visibility:
   • Show
   • Hide
7. Zoom Type:
   • Box
   • X-Axis
   • Y-Axis
     • This setting affects how the user interacts when using Drag to Zoom.
8. Palette:
   • Select from the list of available color palettes (Material is the default).
9. Horizontal Reference Line:
   • Upper Limit
   • Lower Limit
     • Click the + icon to add additional reference lines.
     • Click the X icon to remove a reference line.
     • Click the back arrow to reset the reference line.
     • Click the 3-dot icon to open a configuration popout to enter a label, choose the line color, adjust the line width, select the line style, and highlight outlying data.
10. Horizontal Highlight Strip:
    • Start Value
    • End Value
      • Click the + icon to add additional strips.
      • Click the X icon to remove a strip.
      • Click the back arrow to reset the strip.
      • Click the 3-dot icon to open a configuration popout for the highlight color, font color, and label.
11. Chart Notes:
    • Add text to describe the chart. After a note is added, the Chart Notes icon displays in the toolbar.
12. To close the Advanced Chart Settings window:
    • Click the X icon in the top right corner.
    • Click the Advanced button in the bottom right corner of the page.
    • Click the Advanced icon in the toolbar.
13. Click Save to save the changes or Cancel to discard them.

Save and Save As

When creating a visualization, only the Save button displays in the bottom right corner. After the visualization is saved, both Save and Save As display.

When a saved visualization opens in the Chart Designer, the header displays the title followed by Preview. A blue badge to the right of the title shows the number of segments currently displayed in the visualization.

The Save Chart window opens when Save is clicked for the first time or when Save As is clicked.

Tip: Click Save As to duplicate an existing chart with a different name or save a new version with different settings. Click Save to update the existing chart.

When the Save Chart window opens, enter or edit the save options.

1. Enter the Name of the chart (maximum 100 characters).

2. Select the folder where the chart is to be saved.

   Note: Users with the Data Central Designer privilege can also add a new folder by hovering over an existing folder and clicking the add folder icon. To edit or delete existing folders, click the Actions icon in the master header and select Manage Objects.

3. Select the Public or Private radio button. Users with the Data Central privilege only see Private as an option. Public is also available to users with the Data Central Designer privilege.
4. Select the Roles. This option is available when saving a public visualization and is grayed out for a private visualization. Users with the selected roles can access the visualization.
5. Update the Scope. By default, the current study is selected. Use the drop-down lists for Therapeutic Areas, Compounds, Programs, or Studies to update the scope as needed.
6. Click Save to confirm the save settings or Cancel to discard the changes.

Edit a Histogram Chart

A Histogram chart can be edited to update its data, description, and advanced settings. Chart settings in the Save Chart window can also be updated, including the name, folder, visibility, roles, and scope.

Note: The Data Central Designer privilege is required to change a private chart to public.

Edit Content

1. Hover over the visualization to edit.

2. Click the Edit icon. The Histogram Designer window opens.
   

   Note: Users may also click the Edit icon in the published chart's toolbar to open the designer.

3. Edit fields in the Measures or Filters sections as needed.
4. Edit the Description as needed.
5. Update Advanced Chart Settings as needed.
6. Click Save to update the existing chart or Save As to save it as a new chart.

Edit Settings

1. Hover over the visualization to edit the settings.
2. Click the Configure icon to open the Save Chart window.
   
3. Update the settings as needed.
4. Click Save to confirm the changes or Cancel to discard them.

Delete a Visualization

Saved Visualizations, Workspaces, Filter Sets, and Advanced Filters are deleted from Manage Objects, available from the Actions icon in the master header. The Data Central Designer privilege is required to delete public items. All Data Central users can delete their own private items.

1. Click the Actions icon in the master header, then select Manage Objects. The Manage window opens.

2. Hover over the name of the item to delete.

   Tip: Hover over the icon to the left of the item name to view a tooltip that identifies the item type, such as Saved Workspace, Advanced Filter, or a visualization type.

3. Click the Delete icon.
   
4. In the Delete Item confirmation window, click Delete to delete the item or Cancel to cancel the action.